What to Do in Edinburgh Scotland: Top 20 Must-See Attractions

Edinburgh, Scotland’s captivating capital, offers a wealth of attractions for visitors to explore. From ancient castles perched atop volcanic rock to sweeping panoramas of the city, Edinburgh boasts a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Those wondering what to do in Edinburgh Scotland will find an abundance of options to suit every interest and taste.

This guide highlights the top 20 must-see attractions in Edinburgh, providing a comprehensive overview of the city’s best offerings. Visitors can delve into centuries of Scottish heritage at Edinburgh Castle, hike to the summit of Arthur’s Seat for breathtaking views, stroll down the historic Royal Mile, and uncover fascinating exhibits at the National Museum of Scotland. These experiences, among others, showcase the diverse range of activities available in this enchanting city.

Edinburgh Castle: A Historic Fortress on Castle Rock

Edinburgh Castle History

Perched atop Castle Rock, Edinburgh Castle stands as one of Europe’s oldest fortified places, with a rich history spanning centuries. The castle’s strategic location was recognized by Iron Age settlers who built a hill fort on the rock. Over time, it evolved into a royal residence, military garrison, prison, and fortress.

The castle’s history is marked by numerous conflicts. During the Wars of Independence, it changed hands multiple times. In 1314, Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce, led a daring night raid to recapture the castle from the English. The “Lang Siege” of 1573 resulted in the destruction of David’s Tower, which had been built in 1370 by David II.

Edinburgh Castle Highlights

The castle boasts several notable features:

1. St. Margaret’s Chapel: Built in 1130 by King David I, it’s the oldest building in Edinburgh.
2. The Great Hall: Completed in 1511 for King James IV, it hosted grand banquets and state events.
3. The Royal Palace: Mary Queen of Scots gave birth to James VI here in 1566.
4. The Honors of Scotland: These crown jewels, the oldest in Britain, were first used together for a coronation in 1543.
5. Mons Meg: This impressive medieval cannon was gifted to King James II in 1457.

Edinburgh Castle Visitor Information

The castle is open year-round, except for Christmas Day and Boxing Day. From April 1 to September 30, it’s open from 9:30 am to 6 pm, and from October 1 to March 31, from 9:30 am to 5 pm. Visitors can explore various exhibits, including the National War Museum of Scotland, which showcases uniforms, weapons, and important paintings like Robert Gibb’s “Thin Red Line”.

For a more immersive experience, visitors can join official guided tours or use audio guides available in multiple languages. The castle also hosts the famous Edinburgh Military Tattoo annually in August.

Arthur’s Seat: Hike to Edinburgh’s Iconic Peak

Arthur’s Seat, an ancient volcano and the highest point in Edinburgh at 251 meters (823 feet), offers visitors a chance to experience stunning panoramic views of the city and its surroundings. This iconic peak, located in Holyrood Park just east of the city center, has become a popular hiking destination for both locals and tourists.

Arthur’s Seat Trail Details

The hike to Arthur’s Seat is a relatively easy and accessible walk for most visitors. The circular route, which takes hikers up the eastern side of the hill and down the western side, is well-marked and easy to follow. The trail begins with a series of steps, gradually steepening as it approaches the summit. Near the top, the path transitions to a dirt trail with some rocky and uneven sections.

The full loop typically takes around 2-3 hours to complete, though hikers are encouraged to take their time and enjoy the experience. For those seeking a shorter route, it’s possible to park at Dunsapie Loch and approach the summit from the back.

Arthur’s Seat Views and Attractions

From the summit of Arthur’s Seat, hikers are rewarded with breathtaking 360-degree views of Edinburgh and beyond. On clear days, visitors can see as far as North Berwick Law, the Forth Bridges, and the Fife coast. The surrounding Holyrood Park also offers picturesque sights, including St. Margaret’s Loch and the ruins of St. Anthony’s Chapel.

In addition to the spectacular views, Arthur’s Seat boasts historical and geological attractions. The hill itself is the remains of an ancient volcano, and near the summit, hikers can explore the ruins of an ancient fort.

Arthur’s Seat Hiking Tips

To ensure a safe and enjoyable hike, visitors should consider the following tips:

1. Wear appropriate footwear: Sturdy shoes or hiking boots are recommended for the uneven terrain.
2. Dress in layers: Weather conditions can change quickly, so be prepared for wind and potential rain.
3. Bring water and snacks: Stay hydrated and energized throughout the hike.
4. Check weather conditions: Avoid hiking in questionable weather, as it can make the trek more challenging and potentially dangerous.
5. Allow plenty of time: Take breaks to enjoy the views and catch your breath, especially if you’re not accustomed to hiking.
6. Consider alternative routes: For a less strenuous option, try the Salisbury Crags trail or approach from Dunsapie Loch.

Royal Mile: Explore the Heart of Old Town

The Royal Mile, the heart of Edinburgh’s Old Town, is a bustling street steeped in history and culture. Comprising Castle Hill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Canongate, and Abbey Strand, it offers visitors a glimpse into 16th and 17th-century life. In 1645, the Royal Mile housed an astonishing 70,000 people, with some buildings reaching 14 stories high and up to 10 people sharing a single room.

Royal Mile Landmarks

The Royal Mile boasts numerous iconic landmarks. Edinburgh Castle, perched atop Castle Rock, is a must-visit attraction. Visitors can explore its exhibits, including the Scottish Crown Jewels and the Stone of Destiny. St Giles’ Cathedral, built in 1126 and rebuilt in 1385 after destruction by the English, stands as a testament to Scotland’s religious history. The Mercat Cross, located opposite St Giles’ Cathedral, was once a site of public punishments.

For a unique experience, visitors can descend into the Real Mary King’s Close, an underground tour that transports them to 17th-century Edinburgh. At the other end of the Royal Mile, Holyrood Palace offers a glimpse into royal life, featuring the apartments of Mary, Queen of Scots and the Royal Art Collection.

Royal Mile Shopping and Dining

The Royal Mile is a shopper’s paradise, offering a diverse range of stores. Visitors can find everything from antique maps at The Royal Mile Gallery to handmade kilts at Gordon Nicholson Kilt Makers. For those with a sweet tooth, The Chocolatarium, Fudge Kitchen, and The Fudge House of Edinburgh offer delectable treats.

Food enthusiasts can explore a variety of dining options. The Edinburgh Larder serves seasonal, locally-sourced dishes, while Makars Mash Bar offers traditional Scottish fare. For a fine dining experience, Wedgwood provides an elegant setting with a creative, seasonally-changing menu.

Royal Mile Street Performers

During the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, the Royal Mile transforms into a vibrant performance space. Over 500 buskers showcase their talents, bringing theater, comedy, and circus skills to the streets. The main event areas include the High Street, Hunter Square, and the Mound Precinct.

Street performers from around the world participate, creating an exciting atmosphere with audience participation. The Fringe Society organizes a daily street events draw at 10 am to determine the day’s performances. Visitors can enjoy these family-friendly shows, many of which are specifically geared towards children.

National Museum of Scotland: Discover Scottish Heritage

National Museum of Scotland Exhibits

The National Museum of Scotland houses an impressive collection of over 22,000 objects on display, each with significant historical importance. Visitors can explore a diverse range of exhibits, from animal specimens used for scientific research to royal relics from Scotland’s past. The museum’s collections span various disciplines, bridging the gap between humanities, arts, and sciences.

One of the most famous exhibits is Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal created from an adult cell. Conceived at the Roslin Institute, now part of Edinburgh University, Dolly has become a symbol of scientific achievement. Another intriguing display is the set of miniature coffins found on Arthur’s Seat, shrouded in mystery and linked to various theories, including the Burke and Hare murders.

National Museum of Scotland Highlights

The museum offers numerous highlights across its various galleries:

1. The Grand Gallery: A spectacular space featuring the Giant Deer skeleton and Moby the whale’s massive skull.
2. Scottish Galleries: Guiding visitors from prehistoric times to the present day, showcasing Celtic, Roman, and Viking artifacts.
3. Animal World: Featuring creatures from different habitats, including a polar bear, lions, and a T.rex skeleton cast.
4. Fashion and Style Gallery: Displaying works by renowned designers like Alexander McQueen and Vivienne Westwood.
5. Ancient Egypt Rediscovered: Presenting the culture and achievements of ancient Egyptians.

National Museum of Scotland Visitor Information

The National Museum of Scotland is located on Chambers Street, EH1 1JF. It is open daily from 10:00 to 17:00, with free entry for all visitors. The museum offers various amenities to enhance the visitor experience:

• Cafes and restaurants: The Balcony Café, Brasserie, and Museum Kitchen provide a range of dining options.
• Shops: Offering unique souvenirs, Scottish crafts, and collection-themed products.
• Accessibility: The museum is equipped with lifts, ramps, and accessible toilets to accommodate all visitors.
• Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the museum.

With over 2 million visitors in 2019, the National Museum of Scotland has often been the most visited attraction in Scotland. It is recommended to allow at least 2-3 hours to explore the museum’s diverse attractions and galleries.

Conclusion

Edinburgh’s charm lies in its unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From the ancient Edinburgh Castle perched atop Castle Rock to the breathtaking views from Arthur’s Seat, the city offers a diverse range of experiences to suit every traveler’s taste. The Royal Mile and National Museum of Scotland provide opportunities to delve into Scotland’s rich heritage, showcasing the country’s fascinating past and vibrant present.

Whether you’re keen to explore centuries-old landmarks, hike through stunning landscapes, or immerse yourself in Scottish culture, Edinburgh has something to offer. The city’s ability to seamlessly merge its historical significance with modern attractions makes it a captivating destination. As you plan your visit, keep in mind that Edinburgh’s allure goes beyond these top attractions, inviting you to discover its hidden gems and create your own unforgettable memories in this enchanting Scottish capital.

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